---
title: "James Wang: elected Councillor, Burnaby 2026 | voche.me"
canonical_url: "https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/candidates/james-wang"
last_updated: "2026-10-30T23:51:31.919Z"
meta:
description: "Elected Councillor in the Burnaby 2026 election with 15,058 votes, 6th of 42 (official count). James Wang was re-elected to Burnaby City Council on October..."
"og:description": "Elected Councillor in the Burnaby 2026 election with 15,058 votes, 6th of 42 (official count). James Wang was re-elected to Burnaby City Council on October..."
"og:title": "James Wang: elected Councillor, Burnaby 2026"
"twitter:description": "Elected Councillor in the Burnaby 2026 election with 15,058 votes, 6th of 42 (official count). James Wang was re-elected to Burnaby City Council on October..."
"twitter:title": "James Wang: elected Councillor, Burnaby 2026"
---
Councillor · Burnaby 2026
# James Wang
- Elected, Councillor15,058 votes, 6th of 42. Official count, City of Burnaby. [All results](https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/results#councillor)
Re-elected to Burnaby City Council on October 17, 2026, for a fourth term, with the Burnaby Citizens Association. A councillor since 2014 and a school trustee before that, he promised to keep property tax increases among the lowest in the region.
James Wang was re-elected to Burnaby City Council on October 17, 2026, with 15,058 votes in the City of Burnaby's count, the sixth-highest total of the 42 council candidates. He ran with the Burnaby Citizens Association (BCA). The City's official results show him elected to council in 2014, and by his own account he was a Burnaby school trustee for two terms before that. The City's councillor page lists him as chair of the Public Safety Committee. In the statement he gave the City, he wrote that he would keep working to keep property tax increases among the lowest in the region.
Explore priorities Campaign links
Researched by voche.me · Not a campaign-authored page
BCA - Burnaby Citizens Association2026
*James WangCouncillorv.*
[Image: City of Burnaby](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/elections/candidates/office-of-councillor-candidate-profiles)
Promise tracker
## 45 promises. What James has done since.
Tracked since October 18, 2026. Every change of status links to the vote, motion or report behind it.
- No action yet**Keep property tax increases among the lowest in the region**Taxes and spending · Own promise
In the statement he gave the City, Wang wrote that he would continue working to keep property tax increases among the lowest in the region. The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep property taxes low and predictable.
> “I will continue working to keep property tax increases among the lowest in the region while making Burnaby more affordable, sustainable and livable.”
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: City of Burnaby · candidate profiles, Councillor (opens in a new tab), Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Open the Cameron, Burnaby Lake and Brentwood community centres**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to open the Cameron Community and Aquatic Centre, the Burnaby Lake Recreation Complex and the Brentwood Community Centre.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Speed up the Bonsor redevelopment**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to fast-track the redevelopment of Bonsor.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Speed up the Metrotown Library expansion**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to fast-track the expansion of the Metrotown Library.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Build new libraries, starting with Cameron**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to build new libraries, including the Cameron library, which it says will be the first built into a community centre.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**New sports fields, basketball courts and pickleball courts at Squint Lake**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises more sports facilities, including new fields, basketball courts and pickleball courts at Squint Lake that can be used all year.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Make the Velodrome Trail a "Burnaby Grind"**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to establish the Velodrome Trail as a "Burnaby Grind".
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Finish the Lewarne Park playground and rebuild old playgrounds**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to complete the new playground at Lewarne Park and to keep rebuilding outdated playgrounds with equipment that children with disabilities can use.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Build a bike education playground**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to build a playground where children learn to ride bikes.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**More off-leash areas for dogs**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises more designated areas where dogs may be off leash.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**More recreation programs, with the goal of no waitlists**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises more Parks and Recreation programs for families, with the goal of ending waitlists.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Design every new City building for people with disabilities**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to design accessibility into every new City facility from the start, so everyone can get in, move through it and take part.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Buy park land so every home is within walking distance of a park**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to make park purchases a priority so that everyone in Burnaby lives within walking distance of a park.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Add trees, benches, courts, spray parks, washrooms and fountains to parks**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to add trees, benches, sports courts, spray parks, washrooms and drinking fountains to existing parks.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Plant trees where tree cover is lowest**Environment · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to grow the tree canopy, planting first where tree cover is lowest and choosing species that can handle hotter, drier weather.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Native planting, and a ban on selling invasive plants**Environment · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to support native planting and to ban the sale of invasive species.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**More community gardens, and a community farm on City farmland**Environment · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises more community gardens sooner, and a community farm and a food-systems strategy on City-owned farmland.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Pass a green roofs policy for new buildings**Environment · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises a green roofs policy so that new buildings store carbon, hold rainwater and reduce heat.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Better public access to shorelines and the waterfront**Parks and recreation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to improve public access to Burnaby's shorelines and waterfront.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Get Burnaby certified as a Bird Friendly City**Environment · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to make Burnaby a certified Bird Friendly City, with fewer bird collisions with windows and protected habitat.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Open the new Shadbolt theatre and support local festivals**Arts and culture · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to open the new theatre at the Shadbolt Centre for the Arts, built for people with disabilities, and to keep supporting community events and festivals.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Spaces where Burnaby's communities can gather and share their culture**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to create accessible spaces and hubs where Burnaby's diverse communities can gather and share their culture.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Press Ottawa and the Province to fund a Filipino Community Centre**Community facilities · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep asking the federal and provincial governments to fund and establish a Filipino Community Centre in Burnaby.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**More sidewalks and street lights, first on routes to schools and parks**Transportation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises more sidewalks and street lights, with safe routes to schools, parks and community centres first.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Paths for walking and cycling that connect parks, schools and town centres**Transportation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to invest in walking and cycling, including multi-use paths that connect parks, schools and town centres.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Finish the RCMP detachment expansion**Public safety · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to finish the expansion of the RCMP detachment and to keep working with the detachment on local policing.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Expand the School Streets car-free zones to more schools**Transportation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to expand the "School Streets" pilot, which closes streets beside a school to cars, to more Burnaby schools.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Press for more transit, and expand car-share**Transportation · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to ask for more public transit, with more routes and more frequent service, and to expand car-share to more neighbourhoods.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Build two new City-owned child care centres**Child care · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to build two new City-owned child care facilities.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Press the Province to fund child care and after-school care at schools**Child care · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to press the Province to fund affordable child care and after-school care at school sites.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Press the Province to re-commit to Phase 2 of Burnaby Hospital**Health · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to fight for Phase 2 of the Burnaby Hospital redevelopment, with its beds and cancer centre, and to demand that the Province re-commit to it with clear timelines.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Keep the City free of debt**Taxes and spending · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep the City's record of zero debt.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Find other sources of City revenue to keep taxes low**Taxes and spending · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to find a range of other revenue sources to keep taxes low and services affordable.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Keep reduced fees for seniors and credits for families in need**City services · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep City services affordable, with reduced fees for seniors and credits for families in need.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Carry out the 17 recommendations of the Mayor's economic task force**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to deliver on the 17 recommendations of the Mayor's Task Force on Economic Growth and Resilience.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Simpler and faster business permits and licences**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to simplify permit and licence requirements, publish clear service standards and redesign approvals so businesses can open sooner.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**A priority permit path for technology businesses, and a study of an innovation district**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises a priority path for permits for technology and innovation businesses, and to explore an innovation district for Burnaby.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Zoning for shops and cafes at street level in town centres**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises zoning in town centres that puts shops, cafes and restaurants at street level, with offices and services above.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Make patios, markets, murals and public art easier**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to make it easier to open patios, hold markets and add murals and public art on main streets.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Room for small makers, breweries and studios that sell on site**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to make room for small makers, breweries and studios that sell what they make where they make it.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Zoning for smaller shops and multi-level industrial buildings**Business · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises zoning for smaller retail spaces and for industrial buildings with more than one level, so more businesses can locate in Burnaby.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Start at least 1,000 rental homes through the Housing Authority by 2030**Housing · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to start at least 1,000 new rental homes through the Burnaby Housing Authority by 2030.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Work with non-profits and co-ops to build affordable housing**Housing · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to partner with non-profits and co-ops to build more affordable housing.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Use City land to build family homes sooner**Housing · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to use City-owned land to speed up the building of homes for families.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).No action yet**Keep making it faster to build affordable homes**Housing · Party platform
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep making it quicker and more efficient to build homes people can afford, in every part of Burnaby.
No vote or decision on this promise yet.
Where the promise was made: Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform (opens in a new tab).
Read the full position
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to keep property taxes low and predictable and the City free of debt.
[City of Burnaby · candidate profiles, Councillor ](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/elections/candidates/office-of-councillor-candidate-profiles)
02
### The BCA platform: rental homes, no debt and Burnaby Hospital
The BCA's 2026 platform promises to start at least 1,000 rental homes through the Burnaby Housing Authority by 2030, to keep the City free of debt with low and predictable taxes, and to press the Province to re-commit to Phase 2 of Burnaby Hospital.
[Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform ](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/platform)
[BCA platform](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/platform)
Elector organization
## What the BCA promised for the city
The Burnaby Citizens Association's 2026 platform has three commitments: getting the basics right, standing up for Burnaby, and public schools. For each area it lists what the BCA says it delivered and what it plans next. The BCA won seven of the eight council seats.
Its plans for the city include starting at least 1,000 rental homes through the Burnaby Housing Authority by 2030, opening the Cameron, Burnaby Lake and Brentwood community centres, keeping the City free of debt with low and predictable property taxes, a park within walking distance of every home, two new City-owned child care centres, more sidewalks and street lights, and pressing the Province to re-commit to Phase 2 of Burnaby Hospital. The promise tracker lists each city commitment on the platform.
[Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/platform) [Freshet News · Mike Hurley wins third term as Burnaby mayor, by Cornelia Naylor, October 18, 2026](https://www.freshetnews.ca/mike-hurley-wins-third-term-as-burnaby-mayor/)
Research status
## What voche.me has checked
Researched on 2026-10-29 through the seven search steps listed below: the City's candidate profile, results and declaration, the City's councillor page, the City's official results for 2014 and 2022, the BCA's page about him and its platform, his VoteMate page, the Asian Pacific Post's list of 2014 award winners, and reporting by Freshet News, Daily Hive and Burnaby Now.
His years as a school trustee, his career before politics and his fundraising work are his own account; the school board's own records of 2008 and 2011 were not read. His Instagram, Facebook and X accounts showed only a login page or a page header to scripts, so no post was read. No candidate questionnaire with his answers was found, and no news report of a statement from him after the 2026 vote was found.
03 / Background
## Experience & community
2014 to now
### Councillor, City of Burnaby
The City's official results show him elected in 2014 with 19,490 votes. He was re-elected in 2018, 2022 and on October 17, 2026.
[City of Burnaby · 2014 Local Government Election Official Results, report of the Chief Election Officer to Council, November 24, 2014](https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/media/hpo/_Data/_CouncilMinutesAndReports/Unrestricted/2014/24-Nov-2014/99661.pdf)
2022 to 2026
### Chair, Public Safety Committee, City of Burnaby
The City's councillor page lists him as chair of the committee.
[City of Burnaby · Councillor James Wang](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/councillor-james-wang)
2014
### RBC Top 25 Canadian Immigrant Award
The Asian Pacific Post's list of the 2014 winners includes James Wang of Burnaby.
[Asian Pacific Post · 2014 RBC Top 25 Immigrants](https://www.beta.asianpacificpost.com/article/6294-2014-rbc-top-25-immigrants.html)
04 / Questions & answers
## Questions for the candidate
Proposed questions for a future interview. They have not been sent to the candidate, and no answers have been supplied.
No questions and answers have been supplied.
### Have your own question?
Ask James Wang directly. We send it to the campaign, and publish the reply here if we get one.
05 / About this page
## Questions about this page
Facts voche.me can state about James Wang's page itself, answered directly rather than left blank.
How did James Wang do in the 2026 Burnaby municipal election?
James Wang was elected Councillor with 15,058 votes, 6th of 42 in the official count. The City of Burnaby published the count, and every candidate's total is on the results page.
Is this an official page for James Wang?
No. This page is researched by voche.me from public sources, listed below, and is separate from James Wang's own campaign.
What party did James Wang run with?
James Wang ran for Councillor with BCA - Burnaby Citizens Association.
Does James Wang currently hold public office?
Yes. James Wang currently serves as Councillor, City of Burnaby.
How many sources does this James Wang profile cite?
This profile lists 13 sourced references, each with the date voche.me checked it, in the Sources section below.
Why do some questions on James Wang's page show no answer?
The "Questions & answers" section on this page lists questions voche.me would put to James Wang in a future interview. They have not been sent yet, so the page says plainly that no answer has been supplied instead of leaving the section blank.
When was the election James Wang ran in?
The 2026 Burnaby municipal election, including the Councillor race, was decided on October 17, 2026.
06 / Candidate contributions
## Space for campaign updates
### No campaign updates yet
Announcements, event details and messages can be added here, with their source and publication date. No campaign submission has been added.
## Sources & transparency
- [City of Burnaby · official election results, October 17, 2026 ](https://elections.burnaby.ca/)Checked October 29, 2026
- [City of Burnaby · Declaration of official election results, October 21, 2026 ](https://burnaby.widen.net/s/jzvsfrfktg/2026-elections-declaration-of-results)Checked October 29, 2026
- [City of Burnaby · candidate profiles, Councillor ](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/elections/candidates/office-of-councillor-candidate-profiles)Checked October 29, 2026
- [City of Burnaby · Councillor James Wang ](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/councillor-james-wang)Checked October 29, 2026
- [City of Burnaby · 2014 Local Government Election Official Results, report of the Chief Election Officer to Council, November 24, 2014 ](https://search.heritageburnaby.ca/media/hpo/_Data/_CouncilMinutesAndReports/Unrestricted/2014/24-Nov-2014/99661.pdf)Checked October 29, 2026
- [City of Burnaby · City of Burnaby official election results are in, October 19, 2022 ](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/news/2022-10-19/city-burnaby-official-election-results-are)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Burnaby Citizens Association · James Wang, Burnaby City Councillor and candidate ](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/candidates/jameswang)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Burnaby Citizens Association · 2026 platform ](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/platform)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Freshet News · Mike Hurley wins third term as Burnaby mayor, by Cornelia Naylor, October 18, 2026 ](https://www.freshetnews.ca/mike-hurley-wins-third-term-as-burnaby-mayor/)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Freshet News · Burnaby mayor's seat challenged, 42 vying for eight council spots, September 11, 2026 ](https://www.freshetnews.ca/burnaby-mayors-seat-challenged-42-vying-for-eight-council-spots/)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Daily Hive · Mike Hurley confirms he will seek a third term as Burnaby mayor, by Kenneth Chan, August 6, 2026 ](https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/burnaby-mayor-mike-hurley-re-election-campaign-2026)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Burnaby Now · Burnaby Citizens Association powers back to win council majority, October 15, 2022 (read from the Internet Archive copy) ](https://www.burnabynow.com/2022-civic-election/burnaby-citizen-association-powers-back-to-win-council-majority-5961112)Checked October 29, 2026
- [Asian Pacific Post · 2014 RBC Top 25 Immigrants ](https://www.beta.asianpacificpost.com/article/6294-2014-rbc-top-25-immigrants.html)Checked October 29, 2026
Missing information does not imply a candidate’s position. [Read our editorial standards.](https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/about)
Campaign contact
## Campaign links & contact.
Find the candidate’s website, social accounts and contact information.
[BCA: James Wang](https://www.burnaby-citizens.ca/candidates/jameswang) [City of Burnaby: Councillor James Wang](https://www.burnaby.ca/our-city/mayor-and-council/councillor-james-wang)
## View more candidates.
[All candidate spaces ](https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/candidates)
[Councillor**Cindy Lee**](https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/candidates/cindy-lee) [Councillor**Daniel Tetrault**](https://voche.me/bc/burnaby-2026/candidates/daniel-tetrault)
Candidate Q&A
## Ask James Wang a question.
Give your name, email and question. We send it to the campaign, and publish their answer here if we get one.
## Sitemap
See the full [sitemap](/bc/burnaby-2026/sitemap.md) for all pages.